Ndatabaye Robert

Banki Nyafurika mu Rwanda BACAR na Banki y'Ubucuruzi mu Rwanda BCR ubu ziri mu maboko y'abikorera ku giti cyabo. Ibyo bibaye nyuma y'aho Leta y'u Rwanda igurishirije imigabane yayo ihwanye na 80% muri buri Banki. Amasosiyeti yegukanye ayo mabanki y'ubucuruzi ni Actis yeguriwe BCR ikaba ifite inararibonye mu gucunga umutungo no gukorana n'abashoramari ibifashijwemo n'ishami ry'Abongereza ryita ku iterambere mpuzamahanga.

BACAR nayo imigabane 60% yahawe FINA yo mu gihugu cya Kenya nayo ikaba ari banki y'ubucuruzi y'abikorera imaze imyaka icumi ikorera muri icyo gihugu. Indi migabane 20% yeguriwe sosiyeti yo muri Botswana.

Mu kiganiro cyagenewe abanyamakuru cyari kiyobowe na Minisitiri w'Imari n'Igenamigambi Donald Kaberuka na Guverineri wa Banki Nkuru y'Igihugu François Kanimba, basobanuriye abari aho ko mu myaka icumi ishize izo Banki zombi zari zarasenyutse bikabije, amafaranga yarasahuwe, zitagira ibikoresho n'abakozi bahagije. Leta y'u Rwanda yakoze ibishoboka byose kugira ngo zisubire ku murongo. Mu byakozwe harimo kuzongeramo amafaranga kugira ngo zibone icyo zishyura abashoramari bari barazibikije. Ikindi ni uko Leta yafatanyije n'izo banki kwishyuza abari bazibereyemo imyenda. .Guverineri Kanimba yibukije ko BACAR yigeze kugira igihombo cya miliyari eshatu z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda ariko Leta ikora ibishoboka ibinyujije muri Banki Nkuru kugira ngo iyo Banki idahagarara.

Ku bijyanye n'icyizere abaguriwe ayo mabanki bahabwa cyo gukora bunguka mu gihe hari abambura amabanki, Guverineri Kanimba yasubije ko igihombo cyaterwaga ahanini n'ubushobozi buke bwo kwiga imishinga mbere yo gutanga inguzanyo bigatuma abahawe inguzanyo bananirwa kwishyura.

Abeguriwe ayo mabanki ngo bafite inararibonye mu kwiga imishinga mbere yo gutanga inguzanyo. Ibyo bikaba bitanga icyizere ko abashoramari beguriwe ayo mabanki bazakora neza. Ikindi cyizere gishingiye ku mikorere myiza muri ayo mabanki bitewe n'uko ahagaze kuko hagiye hakosorwa byinshi. Amategeko nayo yaravuguruwe agamije kugendana n'ibihe kandi ngo akosore byinshi. Inzego za Leta nazo ubu zirakorana n'amabanki mu kwishyuza amadeni yatanzwe.
Muri miliyari esheshatu y'amadeni yatanzwe mu mabanki yo mu Rwanda, mu mezi atandatu ashize y'uyu mwaka ngo bamaze kwishyura miliyari eshatu. Abandi bari mu myenda nabo ngo hari icyizere ko bazishyura kuko hari amasezerano bakorana n'amabanki agamije kwishyura.

Iyo myenda itarishurwa kugira ngo idateza imikorere mibi muri banki zatanze inguzanyo, Banki Nkuru y'Igihugu BNR yemeye kuba ishoyemo amafaranga nyuma Leta igakomeza kwishyuza ifatanyije n'ayo mabanki.

Kuba ayo mabanki n'ibindi bigo bya Leta byegukanwa n'abanyamahanga umunyamakuru w'Imvaho Nshya yabajije ko ari ikimenyetso cy'intege nke n'ubushobozi buke bw'abashoramari b'Abanyarwanda bituma badashobora guhangana n'ab'ahandi, Minisitiri Kaberuka yasubije ko mu bimaze kwegurirwa abikorera ku giti cyabo ibice 25% ari byo abanyamahanga bafite kugeza ubu. Bivuze ko ¾ bifitwe n'Abanyarwanda. U Rwanda ngo rufite gahunda yo guteza imbere ishoramari kuri buri wese ubyifuza kandi wujuje ibisabwa. Ikibazo ngo si uko ari abanyamahanga bahabwa gucunga ibyo Leta yakoraga ahubwo ni ishoramari ritaratera imbere.

Ku kibazo cy'uko hazabaho igabanya ry'abakozi nk'uko bikunze kugenda aho Leta yeguriye abikorera imirimo yakoraga, Minisitiri Kaberuka yasubije ko mu masezerano bagiranye n'abeguriwe ayo mabanki hatarimo ibyo kugabanya abakozi. Ati : " ariko nibasanga aribyo bibafitiye inyungu barabyemerewe. " Gucunga abakozi buri gihe ngo bijyana n'inyungu z'umukoresha.

BCR iraregwa ubwambuzi

Mu gihe Banki zombi zegurirwaga abikorera, hari abakiriya bibaza aho bazabariza imitungo yabo bamaze igihe basaba. Abeguriwe banki ntibafite kwishyura imyenda batamenyeshejwe mbere, Leta nayo isa n'aho ikuyemo akarenge.

Kuri uwo munsi hari umugabo Niyoyita Bernard wabajije umutungo wa Se Myasiro Matiyasi waburiye muri BCR. Niyoyita avuga ko kuva mbere y'intambara Myasiro wari umucuruzi akaba n'umukiriya wa BCR na BACAR yabikije amafaranga miliyoni 700 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda muri BCR kuri konti zidasanzwe (compte bloqué) n'andi ku makonti asanzwe yose hamwe akaba yarageraga kuri miliyoni 800 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda. Myasiro yaje guhunga muri 1994 agaruka muri 1996 atangira gusaba imitungo ye kugira ngo akomeze imirimo ye y'ubucuruzi. Ageze muri BCR ngo yasabye miliyoni 100 kugira ngo atangire imirimo ye. Icyo gihe iyo banki yategekwaga na John Nyumbayire. Mu magambo, ubuyobozi bwa banki ngo bwamubwiye ko bugiye kubyigaho. Hagati aho ikibazo cyagejejwe ku bayobozi batandukanye ariko mu 1997 Myasiro yaje gushimutwa ndetse aricwa n'abagizi ba nabi. Muri BACAR ho Myasiro ahafite imyenda agomba kwishyura. Niyoyita avuga ko yagerageje gusaba imitungo ya Se ariko BCR ikamubwira ko kuri konti harimo ubusa mu gihe Banki iterekana igihe n'uwaba yabikurije ayo mafaranga. Ku bijyanye n'uburyo bwo kwishyura BACAR Niyoyita avuga ko ubukererwe bwatewe n'uko amafaranga ya Se yaburiye muri BCR ariko hari gahunda yo kwishyura. Bernard Niyoyita asaba ko ikibazo cy'abafite imitungo yari ibikijwe muri BCR na BACAR cyakwitabwaho kugira ngo abeguriwe ayo mabanki nabo bakore mu bwisanzure.

Imvaho Nshya yegereye Bwana Ephrem Twahirwa uyobora BCR ahakana ko icyo kibazo cya Myasiro atakizi kandi kitaramugeraho. Ati : Buri munsi imiryango irafunguye ku bafite icyo basaba ayo mabanki kugira ngo abarenganure. "