Bimwe mu byateye inzara mu Rwanda
Muvandimwe,
Ubu nifuje kukugezaho ibyo mbona byateje inzara mu gihugu ndetse na bumwe mu buryo mbona bwakoreshwa
ngo haboneke umuti wo kubikemura mu buryo burambye. Kucyumweru taliki ya 8/1/2006 nakurikiye kuri VOA
ikiganiro cyerekeranye n'inzara mu Rwanda no mu Burundi, mu majyaruguru yabwo.
Ibyo nemeza ko byateye inzara mu Rwanda nsanga ari ibi bikurikira:
1. UKUNIGWA KW’IMISHINGA IGAMIJE ITERAMBERE RY’ABATURAGE
Icyambere gishingiye kuri iyi mpamvu. Nyuma y’ intambara habayeho programu za réhabilitation mu gusana ibyari
byarononekaye. Ni muri urwo rwego muri 1995 World Bank yateye inkunga projet y ubuhinzi mu mushinga witwaga
Projet des Services Agricoles, mu magambo ahinnye PASA. Wari umushinga wa Minagri wakoreraga ku Kacyiru.
Umuyobozi wawo yari Kabanda célestin uyu waje guhunga mu minsi ishize.Icyo gihe Minagri yayoborwaga na
Iyamuremye Augustin usigaye ubu ari senateur ikigali.
Uwo mushinga warimo inkunga ya za miliyoni z'amadolari zo kwongera kubyutsa ubuhinzi mu gihugu hose no
kwongera gukangura abahinzi. Waje kugura imodoka nyinshi nshyashya zo mu bwoko bwa Toyota Hilux na
Nissan Patrol bazikwirakwiza mu turere twose twubuhinzi ndetse n'amapikipiki n'amagare yabashinzwe kwamamaza
ubuhinzi kugera mu cyaro.
Ntibyateye kabiri Banki y'isi isaba Minagri gukora inyandiko yo gusaba amafaranga yo kugura ibikoresho byali
bisigaye ngo umushinga ucengeze uburyo bw’ubuhinzi unakangulire abaturage kwongera kwitabira ubuhinzi nk'uko
byahoze mbere ya 1994. Ubwo kubera amasezerano aba yabaye hagati ya leta na Banki y’isi hari hateganyijwe italiki
ntarengwa yo kuba umushinga wagejeje inyandiko isaba décaissement y'amafaranga y'igice cyagombaga gukurikiraho
kuko igice cya mbere cyari kiriya cyaguzwemo imodoka, amapikipiki n'amagare.
Haje rero kuvuka ikibazo cy'uko bwana Iyamuremye Augustin wayoboraga Minagri yari yagejejweho ya
nyandiko ku gihe n' ubuyobozi bwa projet PSA buyobowe na Kabanda Célestin. Ministri Iyamuremye
Augustin dossier ayishyingura mu kabati kugeza kw'italiki ntarengwa yari yarumvikanyweho n'impande zombi.
Mbere hose impande zombi zumvikanye uko bazagenda basohora amafaranga y'uwo mushinga.
Ng’uko uko umushinga wahise uhagarara burundu ugitangira nyuma za modoka zari zaraguzwe mu mafaranga
y igice cya mbere cy’umushinga, inyinshi zari zaraguzwe zigenewe gusa uwo mushinga w' ubuhinzi, zimwe muri
zo Ministri Iyamuremye Augustin yari yarazihaye bamwe mu ba Préfets ba za prefectura bakajya bazikoresha
mu bitandukanye n'icyo umushinga wari waziguriye aho kuziha abashinzwe iyamamaza buhinzi.
Iyamuremye yabaga yigura dore ko kuba umukwe wa Sindikubwabo byamuteraga ipfunwe kandi atari we wabihisemo.
Imodoka yari yarahaye aba préfets zari Nissan Patrol. Nyuma kubera ko inkunga yali imaze guhagarara kubera ko
dossier yari yahejejwe mu kabati, ahari kubera ubwumvikane buke hagati ya Iyamuremye na Kabanda, imodoka
zahise zitangira kubura mazout ndetse no kudakorerwa entretien. Ubwo nibwo muri leta bafataga icyemezo muri
rusange cyo kugurisha zimwe mu modoka za leta noneho nazo bazigurisha gutyo. Wasangaga muri icyo cyamunara
izo modoka zali zitaramara igihe zikora bazigulishije amafaranga make cyane: nkiyabaga yaraguzwe nka miliyoni
esheshatu (6.000.000frw) bakayigura miliyoni imwe n'igice (1.500.000frw) gusa.
Ibyo bijyana n'uko kuva uRwanda rutangiye intambara muli 1990 gahunda zari zaratangiye muri za 1976 zo gufata
neza ubutaka zahise zihagarara dore ko hari n'amashyaka yigishaga ko kurwanya isuri byari agahato. N'uko isuri
nayo barayireka ikomeza kudutwara ubutaka bwiza ibujyana mu migezi bityo ubutaka mu bice bitandukanye
by'igihugu buragunduka cyane bitewe no kubuhinga buli gihe bisaba ifumbire abenshi badafite bityo tukabuhinga
buli gihe tutaburaje ngo bwongere bwisuganye. Ibyo bikajyana n'ubwiyongere bw'abaturage butajyanye
n'umusaruro.
2. IKIBAZO CY’ABIMUKIRA BARI BATUYE MU BUGESERA NA KIBUNGO Ikindi ni ikibazo cy’uko uduce twa Bugesera Kibungo yegereye imipaka n’Umutara n’ igice cy’amayaga cyari gituwemo n’ababaturage bari bafite ingufu zo gukora bari barahimukiye guhera 1975 baturutse Ruhengeri, Gisenyi, Gikongoro, Byumba na Gitarama kuko mu uturere baturukagamo hari hatangiye kwigaragaza ikibazo cy’umusaruro muke bitewe n’uko k’ubuso bw’imirima bari bafite wasangaga umuryango ufite abana umunani nta sambu nibura ya kimwe cya kabiri cya hectari batunze. Ibyo byatuma bimuka mu byukuri mu gihe bajyaga bita Bugesera, Umutara na Kibungo ko ari „ikigega“ cy’u Rwanda.
Ni muri icyo gihe abo bari bagituye aho bari barimukiye. Nyuma ya genocide koko bamwe muri abo baturage
bishoye mu bwicanyi nk’abandi inkotanyi zitsinze intambara benshi muri bo bahita bahunga, bahungutse bamwe
bagira ipfunwe ly’ ibikorwa bibi byahabereye kandi bamwe muli bo barashishikaye muri buriya bwicanyi
muri turiya duce bari batuyemo mbere ya 1994, bisubirira gutura mu ntara bakomokagamo mbere yo gusuhukira
muri turiya turere navuze haruguru.
Bari abakozi badasanzwe mu buhinzi kuko bakoraga mbere na nyuma ya saa sita bakaruhuka nimugoroba mu
gihe twe abari ba kavukire muri utwo turere twe twakoraga amasaha make mbere ya saa sita gusa nabwo mu
gihe cy’impeshyi ugasanga muli ba kavukire batongera gukora nutwo duke bakoraga kugeza invura
yongeye kugwa.
Byaje guhumira ku mirari nyuma ya genocide mu mwaka wa 1996, ubwo intara y’Umutara yali ikimara kujyaho ndetse no mu Bugesera abagiraneza n’abaterankunga batangiye igikorwa cyo kubakira no gutuza impunzi za 1959 noneho bakajya babura main d’oeuvre bitabaza kuzana abakozi baturutse Ruhengeri na Byumba. Abo umunsi umwe bose barabishe imiryango yabo ibura irengero ry’abantu babo. Umubare w’abishwe ukaba utazwi. Noneho abari bagishaka gusubira mu masambu yabo cyangwa gupagasa bose barabireka amasambu abura gihinga gutyo n’abapagasi ntibongera kujyayo gupagasa ubwo umusaruro ubura utyo.
3.ISARANGANYWA RY’AMASAMBU HAGATI Y’IMPUZI ZA 1959 N’IZA 1994. Ikindi ni ikiswe isaranganya ry’amasambu ryabaye muri utwo duce cyane cyane mu ntara ya Kibungo yari isanzwe yera cyane kuko impunzi za 1959 zatahutse mbere y’iza 1994 zikili mu nkambi Zaire na Tanzaniya noneho zigarurira amasambu yabo. Aho batahukiye babategeka kugabana amasambu. Rimwe bakayigaburamo gatatu: ahari urutoki, ahari igipimo cy’ikawa, n’ahari inzu.
Noneho bakabwira uhungutse bati hitamo hamwe akareba agasanga nta kundi guhitamo akihitiramo inzu n’isambu ntoya bitewe n’uko buri wese yashakaga nibura inzu yo guturamo. Ahasigaye bakahagabanya abandi.
Nyuma yaho gato nabwo muri politiki yazanywe na Musoni Protazi ubwoyari Prefet wa Kibungo yo gutura mu
midugudu abaturage bari bagihunguka baje kubategeka bose ko bisenyera inzu bakajya gutura mu bibanza bishya
by’imidugudu. Ingero zimwe zateye bamwe mu baturage kwiheba kurushaho. Hali uko nk’ umubyeyi yabaga
yarubakiwe n abana be inzu ikomeye mbere ya genocide itunganye ilimo na ciment noneho bakamutegeka kwisenyera
ya nzu ye akajya gutura muri shitingi. Akenshi n’abo bana bari barayimwubakiye baraguye mu bwicanyi butandukanye
bwabereye mu gihugu no muri za Zaire.
4. INTAMBARA ZAJE ZIBASIRA ABAGABO N’ ABASORE BAFITE INGUFU ZO GUKORA Ubugome bwatumye igihugu gisubira inyuma n’uko muli genocide abayikoze baje bibasira kurimbura ariko noneho bagera ku mwana w’umuhungu, abasore n'abagabo bakarimburira rimwe. Kandi mbere nibo umuntu yabonaga bagira ingufu zo gukora.
Mu bugome bwakozwe na FPR muri zones yafashe kuva 1990 kugeza 1997, nayo Yageraga ku bantu b’igitsina gabo igashishikara kurusha. Ibyo bikaba ari mu byatumye abantu badohoka ku muliumo bibaza amarorerwa yari amaze kubakorerwa n’ubu bakaba batarasubiza umutima mu gitereko.
Ikindi gikomeye cyane mu gihugu ni ikibazo gikunze kugarukwaho gisa n’icyaburiwe igisubizo gihamye cyane
kijyanye n ubutabera kuri bose mu buryo bumwe, kuko nyuma y’ubwicanyi ndimbura bantu bwakozwe n’Abahutu
bamwe b’inda nini hamwe n’Abatutsi nabo b’inda nini, ingaruka zavutse nyuma yabyo habaye gufata no gufunga
bikozwe mu kajagari. Hafunzwe bamwe mu Bahutu bakoze ubwicanyi ndetse na bamwe mu batarigeze babwitabira.
Noneho abandi bakaba baraguye muri bwa bwicanyi ndimbura bantu bwakozwe na ziriya mpande zombi maze uruhande
rwali rumaze gutsinda intambara rurafata rurafunga, buri muturage (w’Umututsi) wese akihitiramo uwo gufungisha bitewe
n’uko yabaga abyunva kuko nta nzego z’ubutabera zari zakajyaho.
N’aho amahanga ashakiye kudufashisha impuguke mu mategeko ngo zidufashe guca imanza zirenganura uwarenganye
bamwe mu bayobozi bihutiye kubyanga bitwaje ko ngo u Rwanda ari igihugu kigenga.
Nyuma igihugu cyaje gushyiraho inzego z’ ubucamanza ariko zaje guca imanza, zimwe muri zo zicibwa nabi kugeza aho wasangaga umuntu ashinjwa n’abatangabuhamya batari imbere mu gihugu muri 1994; batigeze bamenya ibikorwa bibi bye. Noneho icyabivuyemo n’uko byaciye intege abaturage kuko hari n’abagiye bakatirwa urwo gupfa cyangwa gufungwa burundu bamwe muri bo bikozwe n’abacamanza b’Abanyamurenge bari biganje mu nkiko na parike kubera ko i ntambara ya Kongo yari yaratangiye bo baziko bagomba gukuramo ayabo bagakora ibyihuta kuko biteguraga kwisubirira mu gihugu cyabo aricyo Kongo.
Byatumye imanza zaciwe nabo, dore ko bali benshi mu nkiko zigaragaramo ruswa, umuntu akaba ashobora kuba muli
1994 yari atuye i Bujumbura hanyuma akaba ariwe ushinja abantu ubwicanyi bwakozwe atari mu gihugu aho bwakorewe.
Ikindi nuko mu bashinjacyaha n’abacamanza n’ubu hakirimo bamwe mu bishe cyangwa barahohoteye ikiremwamuntu
ariko bakaba badakurikiranwa ahubwo aribo baca imanza.
Nyuma ubu mu miryango imwe y’abaturage b’abahinzi abari bafite ingufu zo gukora ubu bari muri za gereza. Kubera
ko igaburo ry’ibiryo bahabwa usanga umuntu bamugenera ibiryo bidashyitse bihwanye n’iminsi itatu mu cyumweru
kandi agomba kubirya icyumweru cyose, usanga abasigaye mu miryango yabo bahaguruka bagahingira kurya no
kubasha kugemurira ababo bafunzwe; dore ko hari umuryango umwe usanga ufite ababo bafunzwe bagera kuri 5
cyangwa barenze batanu.
Icyo kibazo kigaragara mu ntara zose usibye Ruhengeri, Gisenyi na Byumba, igice kimwe cy’ahahoze hitwa urukiga,
bitewe n’uko Abatutsi bari bahatuye bari bake muli 1994 kuko bari barabamenesheje 1959/1963. Bityo kubera
ubuke bwabahapfiriye muri genocide bituma nta ninfungwa nyinshi zihakomoka ziri mui gereza kuko nabari barimukiye
mu turere tundi ndetse bakaba baragiye mu bwicanyi, nyuma yo gutahuka bavuye mu nkambi zo muri Kongo bahise
bisubirira kw’ivuko iwabo kugirango batavaho bafungwa kubera aho bari barimukiye baba bamwe muri bo baragaragaye
mu bwicanyi.
5. INTAMBARA Y’ABACENGEZI. Ruhengeri na Gisenyi hiyongereyeho komini Rushashi, Musasa naTare zo muri prefectura ya Kigali ngari wongeyeho komini Nyakabanda, Bulinga, Nyabikenke na Rutobwe z’ahahoze ali prefectura ya Gitarama abazituye bahuye n’intambara yabatwaye abavandimwe babo bari hejuru ya 150.000 personnes. Iyo ntambara yibasiye ikitwa igitsina gabo cyane cyane ikaba yaradutse muri 1996/1998, ikaba yarabatijwe izina ly’ abacengezi na Gasana Anastase, yadutse nyuma y’itahuka ry’ impunzi zari mu nkambi zo muri kongo nayo yatumye abayirokotse bahinduka ibishushungwe bamwe gukora barabigabanya kuko ahenshi iyo ntambara yasize abagore n’abana gusa yatangirijwe bwa mbere muli cellule Kazuba y’ahahoze ari komini Nkuri mu Ruhengeri, iza gukwira aho hose nakubwiye nimbona umwanya nzakunyuriramo impanvu mbona inkotanyi zayitangije n’icyo zari zigamije kugeraho.
6. MU MFUNGWA HARIMO INZIRAKARENGANE NYINSHI. Mu Banyarwanda bafunzwe harimo abagifunzwe kubera abantu babafashe bakabafungisha nta byaha by’ubwicanyi bibarangwaho ariko n’ubu bakaba batabarekura ngo batahe bajye gukora ngo nabo bongere umusaruro bashobore no kuruhura iriya miryango yabo yasaziye mu nzira ihingira kugemura, dore ko kubera ko Gereza ziba ziri kure y’aho batuye abagemura hamwe bakoresha iminsi ibiri abandi bakabyuka saa saba z’ijoro kugirango bagerere igihe kuri za gereza bagemuraho badakererewe kuko bisaba gutonda umurongo mu gitondo cya kare
Gahunda yiswe „Twamupangiye“ nayo yabigizemo uruhare rukomeye mu gufata no gufunga. Nyuma ya za Raporo
kuli „ngengabitekerezo“ n’iyo bise gusesa MDR“, dore ko nazo zagiye zihitana abantu bamwe bakazimira, abandi
bagahunga abandi bakarwara umutima bagapfa biyumvise ko bali muli izo rapports, aha naho naguha urugero.
Kubera ibyo bibi byose byabaye hari imisozi imwe gushaka umugabo usanga bidashoboka kubera ko batakihaba.
Na bacye basigaye iyo umugabo yibeshye akaba yavuga ngo uzi ko runaka baraye bamufunze noneho undi ati: yooooo,
ariko ko abagabo badushize ku musozi ubu tuzajya duhekerwa nande ko abagabo bashiriye muri Gereza. ubwo iyo
mvugo yitwa gupfobya genocide ubwo barakujyana bakagufunga ngo wapfobeje genocide.
Nkeka ko n’ingero zindi ari nyinshi nko kuri cas ya Colonnel Biseruka numvise ejo kuli VOA aho arekurwa
n’umucamanza ubifitiye uburenganzira ariko abatabifitiye ubwo burenganzira bakamurusha ingufu agasubizwa mu
munyururu. Nabyo bitera ihahamuka abasanzwe bitabira umurimo basanzwe bamuzi kuva cyera inzira y’umusaraba
yanyuzemo n’ubu kimwe na za cas za ba Bizimungu Pasteur wataye ikigo gikomeye nka Electrogaz akajya gufatanya
n’abandi urugamba yatangira gutambutsa ibitekerezo bye bikamuviramo umunyururu udashira uherekejwe n ibinyoma
by’ibihimbano ku bwinshi nyuma bakaba bamugaraguza agati kuliya, na ba Cyiza n’abandi benshi cyane umuntu
atarondora n’ubu rukigeretse, bityo rero n’umuturage ushaka gukora agakora bike bituma abaho aliko adasagurira
amasoko kubera kutiyumvamo umutekano.
Iyo mibereho mibi n’uwo mwuka w’urwango bikaba biriho hashize imyaka 15.
INZIRA ZO GUSHAKA UMUTI W’IKIBAZO CY’INZARA Umuti uhubukiweho mu gukemura ikibazo cy’inzara ntacyo wakiza. Hali n’ubwo numva abayobozi bamwe bapfa kwivugira ngo bazapompa amazi y’ibiyaga byo mu Bugesera no muri Kibungo, muri za Rukira na Cyarubare, bakirengagiza ko ibiyaga by’aho, ari nka piscine kuko bitagira amasoko amenamo bityo bapompye amazi yabyo byazimira ako kanya nabyo bigateza izindi ngorane. Keretse bashoboye gukoresha ku mazi ya Nyabarongo cyangwa Akanyaru aliko nabwo habanje gukorwa inyigo zifatika kugirango tudakemura ikibazo dutera ibindi kuko yo ifite amasoko ayigaburira.
Assumpta Kaboyi ukorera VOA we ngo abayobozi bazacyemura ikibazo batanga akazi muli Food for works. Simbyanze ariko se wajya gutera ipiki n’igitiyo umaze icyumweru utarya? None se abarwayi, abana, abakecuru n’abasaza nabo bazakora iyo mirimo nta mbaraga bafite ? Hiyongeraho déforestation Gishwati, Bugesera n’Umutara kuli hegitari nyinshi byatumye imvura itagwa n’ikibazo cy’ubwiyongere bw’abaturage butajyanye n’umusaruro bikaba urudubi. Ushyize mu gaciro usanga umuti nta wundi uretse gukora ubutabera kuli bose abahemukiye abanyarwanda bakabiryozwa inzirakarengane zikagaragara, zikarekurwa, zigataha zigakorera igihugu n’imiryango yazo. Bityo abasigaye bakiyumvamo umutekano utuma bongera bagakora bagakungahaza imiryango yabo bagasagurira amasoko. Kuko mbere ya 1990 byakorwaga bityo. Ibarura ryo muri 2003 imibare ryatanze igaragaza ko abaturage bahari bo gukora.
Ikindi ni ukureka gukomeza gukora politiki yo kwangana n’ibihugu duturanye ahubwo tugakora ku buryo tugirana umubano mwiza utuma ubwishishanye bushira burundu noneho bamwe mu babishoboye kandi babishaka basohoka mu Rwanda bakajya gukorerayo indi mirimo itari ubuhinzi cyangwa abashoboye kujya gukorerayo ubuhinzi n’ubworozi bakimukirayo bakagenda bagatura. Nk’uko kera bigeze kuvuga ko Habyarimana yari yaremerewe na Gabon ko abanyarwanda bazajya gutura muri icyo gihugu nibura nka 2.000.0000 z’Abanyarwanda bagira ahandi batura byatuma n’amasambu ahingwa yongera akisuganya n’ubwishishanye butuma abafite ingufu batagikora bugashira.
Iyo umuntu arebye ubucucike kuli km2 bw’abatuye u Rwanda akareba n’uburyo ibice bimwe by’u Rwanda bitakigusha
imvura akenshi bitewe n’ihohoterwa ry’ibidukikije, bituma buri wese yagombye guharanira ko nibura buri muturage
yabona ibyo kurya bimuhagije.
Article de ....... posté par Joseph Ndahimana