Nk’uko bizwi hose mu Rwanda, ingengabitekerezo
ya Kalinga ihora yifashisha uburiganya
n’ubwiru kugira ngo ihore ikanga abaturage,
bityo bahorane ubwoba bwo kuyigobotora. Kimwe
mu binyoma abambari bayo bakunda gukoresha mu
guca intege rubanda, ni ukubabeshya ko ngo
abakurambere babo b’abahutu n’abatwa
baneshejwe ruhenu batirwanyeho kubera kuba
ibigwari. Igihe bene Kalinga kandi bahoza mu
kanwa ko abahutu n’abatwa bubitse imitwe igihe
cyose, abami b’abatutsi bigabizaga igihugu
cyabo mu mugambi wo kubahaka, maze
n’ababakomokaho ntibigere na rimwe bagira
ubutwari bwo kwibohoza ubwo buhake. Ibyo biba
bigamije gutera abahutu n’abatwa ipfunwe
n’ikimwaro, babumvisha ko nta butwari bagira
muri kamere yabo, ko badashobora kubona ingufu
zo kwigobotora Kalinga nshya.
Ubwo buriganya bwakomejwe n’Inkotanyi z’ubu,
zaba iziri ku butegetsi mu Rwanda ndetse
n’izabutorotse zikajya hanze. Ziyibagiza vuba
ko zateretswe ku butegetsi na mpatsibihugu,
maze na zo zigashaka gutera icyokere hose ko
zatsinze intambara yo kugarura Kalinga kubera
ubutwari bw’akataraboneka zari zifite. Bamwe
mu bumva ibi badasobanukiwe n’amateka
bashobora gucika intege, maze ntibagire
akanyabugabo ko kwishyira hamwe mu mugambi wo
kwigobotora ingoyi y’iyi Kalinga nshya. Hari
benshi mu banyarwanda baguye muri uwo mutego
wo kubyemera batyo, kubera kudasobanukirwa
n’intego y’ubwo buriganya. Ndetse bamwe muri
abo bakimeze nk’abana bakwa inkware
bagafatishwa ikibiribiri, bageze n’aho
bayoboka icyo kinyoma, barihanukira na bo
batangira kucyamamaza bavuga ngo Musinga yari
intwari.
Ibyo byaba se ari ukubera kutamenya uburyo uyu
mwene Kanjogera yari umunyabwoba wahoraga mu
matiku y’urudashira? Abavuga ubutwari bwa
Musinga, ni abatazi uburyo abatwa bamuhekaga
bahoraga bamwita imbwa y’umusega kubera ko
yahoranaga umururumba, ntagire ikintu cyiza
abakorera kubera gushaka kwikubira byose
(Gerard van Overschelde, 1946: Bij de reuzen
en dwergen van Ruanda). Ni abatibaza impamvu
abadage bamusesenguye agitangira kuyobora
nk’umwami bamwise imbwa irusha ubugoryi izindi
mbwa zose (“A dog stupider than any other
dog”: Des Forges, 2011, p. 93).
Umwami Yuhi V Musinga: Umudage Dr. R. Kandt
woherejwe kuyobora u Rwanda yamwise imbwa
irusha izindi mbwa zose ubugoryi
Abo bagwa mu mutego wo kwita umwicanyi intwari
kubera kutamenya amateka, nk’uko Kagame na we
basigaye babimwita, ni bo batumye mfata iyi
karamu kugira ngo mfatanye n’abandi kumurikira
abataragwa muri uwo mutego, maze bahumuke,
birinde gucibwa intege n’ubutiriganya.
Mu by’ukuri rero, iyo umuntu asesenguye
amateka y’u Rwanda, cyane cyane ahereye ku
byabaye nyuma y’ikongoka rya Kalinga ku
Rucunshu, asanga abakurambere bacu
batarahwemye guhangana n’abatware ba Kalinga.
Ni kenshi bashatse kwigomeka ku ngoma mpotozi
bakagerageza kuyigobotora. Ndetse iyo
Kanjogera na Kabare bataza kugira umudage
Gudovius ngo ari we uhangana n’abigometse ku
butegetsi bwabo bwa kirimburambaga,
iby’ubutiriganya bwabo biba byararangiranye
n’umwaka w’ 1912. Muri iyi nyandiko rero,
ndagira ngo twifashishe amateka mu kunyomoza
ayo mahamba y’iterabwoba, twiyibutsa ubutwari
abanyesave, abakiga, abagoyi, abatwa, abarera,
ababeruka n’abandi benshi nk’abashiru
n’abakonya bagaragaje mu gukumira akarengane
k’ingoma y’abega n’iy’ababanyiginya
yayibanjirije.
Muri uku kwitwaza ubumenyi bw’amateka, nubwo
hari ibitabo byinshi bivuga ku byabaye mu
Rwanda, muri iyi nyandiko ndifashisha cyane
cyane igitabo cyanditswe n’umushakashatsi
Alison Des Forges (Defeat is the only bad
News, 2011), hamwe n’icyanditwe na padiri
Pagès (Un royaume hamite au centre de
l’Afrique, 1933). Uyu Pagès ni umwe mu ba
mbere bashyize mu nyandiko amateka y’u Rwanda
bahereye ku bushakashatsi by’ibyo bashoboye
kubwirwa n’abanyarwanda basanze mu gihe
cy’umwaduko w’abapadiri bera. Mu byo yanditse
hari mo n’ibyo yabwiwe n’abacurabwenge b’i
bwami bariho icyo gihe. Des Forges we yibanze
cyane ku byabaye ku ngoma ya Musinga, kuva
yimikwa na Kabare ku Rucunshu mu w’1896 kugeza
yirukanwa ku ngoma n’Ababiligi mu mpera
z’1931. Impamvu yo guhitamo iyo myaka ni uko
ari cyo gihe cyagaragayemo cyane ukwigomeka ku
ngoma. Kandi kubera ko abazungu bari baramaze
kugera mu Rwanda, ibyinshi mu byabaye muri
icyo gihe bifitiwe gihamya, ku buryo ntawe
uzashobora kubisisibiranya uko yishakiye kuko
byashoboye gushyirwa mu nyandiko. Icyo
tugamije rero ni ukwibutsa gihamya y’ibyabaye
kugira ngo ababeshwaho no kwimika ikinyoma
batazakomeza kwitwaza ko ibyinshi bizwi mu
mateka ya kera ngo bitabayeho cyangwa ko ngo
nta ruhare babigizemo, kugira ngo bahakane
uburiganya babigizemo.
Mu bahanganye na Kalinga bashaka kuyihangamura
ariko ntidushyiramo abiyise ibikomangoma (nka
ba Muhigirwa, Ndungutse, na nyina wa Biregeya)
bagashyamirana n’ingabo za Kabare na Kanjogera
bashaka kwambura Musinga ingoma yari
yicajweho. Impamvu abo tutabashyiramo ni uko
icyo bari bagamije kutari ukurwanya
ubutiriganya bwa Kalinga, ahubwo ko kwari
ukwima iyo ngoma mpotozi, bagakomeza imihango
n’amarorerwa yayo. N’ubungubu hari abigometse
kuri Kagame ariko bashaka gukomeza gukeza
Kalinga nshya yazanye, bakaba bizeye kuzayima
bakayimusimburaho. Abo si bo twategaho
kwibohoza rero ari nayo mpamvu tutabatindaho.
Mu bagaragaje ubutwari bwo guhangana n’agahato
ka Kalinga turavuga Abanyesave, Abagoyi,
Abakiga b’i Bugarura no mu Murera ndetse
n’Abashiru. Ariko mu by’ukuri si bo bonyine
barwanyije igitugu cya Kalinga, kuko hari
benshi babigerageje no ku ngoma ya Rwabugiri,
nk’ab’i Marangara. Iyi nyandiko rero ni iyo
gushishikariza ababishoboye ngo basome ibitabo
by’amateka babone n’izindi ngero nyinshi
zirangwamo.
Abagoyi
Mu bivumbagatanyije ubwa mbere Kalinga ikimara
gushya, bagashaka guhirika ingoma y’abega
itari yanashinga imizi, harimo Abateke
n’Abagoyi. Abaturage bo mu Bugoyi bakimenya ko
Abega n’Abanyiginya batangiye kurimburana,
bahise bishyira hamwe birukana ibisonga
by’umwami byose byari byaroherejwe na
Rwabugiri, dore ko hari hanashize igihe gito
gusa abatware boherejwe n’umwami ari bwo
batangiye kujya bagera muri ako gace
k’amajyaruguru y’uburengerazuba bw’u Rwanda.
Abagoyi bashoboye gutsinda ingabo zari
zoherejwe na Kanjogera na Kabare, bazirukana
mu karere kabo kose. Nyuma y’aho ariko, i
bwami bohereje indi mitwe myinshi y’ingabo
nyinshi, ziza ziyobowe n’Abakemba, zishobora
kuyogoza u Bugoyi. N’ubwo zashoboye kurengera
Kalinga ntihirime icyo gihe ariko, kuva
ubwongubwo i bwami bahoraga bafite ubwoba ko
iyo ngoma y’inyibano ishobora kubacika igihe
icyo ari cyo cyose. Bahoraga bakora imihango
yo gusa n’abitwikira mu nzu kugira ngo imizimu
y’abo bari bararimbuye itazabatera
ikabahanantura ku butegetsi.
“Throughout
most of Musinga’s reign, he and his mother
participated in rituals and sacrifices to
appease these spirits [of those they had
massacred in the coup and in the aftermath.
They sometimes would simulate being killed and
buried or being burned alive in hopes of
persuading the spirits that those responsible
for the killings had died and that those who
continued to live were innocent. These
ceremonies took place most often in times of
crisis, which were thought to have been called
down on the Court by the spirits” (Des Forges
2011, p.21)4
Abagoyi bakomeje kwigomeka kuri Kalinga
ubudatezuka, ku buryo umudage R. Kandt ajya
gutangira kuyobora u Rwanda yasanze mu karere
batuyemo abatware b’abatutsi babaga boherejwe
n’umwami bamuhungiraho ngo abatabare, kuko
batatinyukaga kugera mu baturage.
In northwestern Rwanda, Kandt found the Hutu
still vigorously resisting the extension of
rule by the Tutsi, but not at all interested
in his assistance. In these outlying regions,
the roles were reversed: it was the notables,
insecure in their authority and distant from
supervision by the Court, who sought his
protection.
Abanyesave
Abanyesave bazwiho kuba barigometse cyane kuri
Kalinga na mbere y’ingoma ya Musinga, ku buryo
ndetse na Rwabugiri ubwe bahoraga bamuhangara,
bakanangira kwemera ivuzivuzi rye. Rwabugiri
kubera uburakari bamuteye yari yarahagabye
ibitero inshuro zigera kuri eshatu agira ngo
ayogoze abamwigometseho. Nyamara kuva icyo
gihe kugeza ku mwaduko w’abapadiri bera
(Rwabugiri yaramaze gupfa), abantu b’i bwami
batinyaga abanyasave cyane. Ni na yo mpamvu
ari ho Kabare yohereje abapadiri ba mbere
bamusabye aho gushinga misiyoni mu Rwanda mu
w’1900. Yibwiraga ko abanyesave bazabamerera
nabi cyane bakabaca intege, bityo ntibashobore
kuhamara igihe ngo bahashinge inturo.
Icyo gihe Mpamarugamba, wari wambitswe
imyambaro ya cyami kugira ngo abazungu bibwire
ko ari we mwami ntibabone Musinga wari ukiri
umwana, yabwiye abapadiri (mu izina rya
Kanjogera, Kabare na Ruhinankiko) ko izo
nyigisho zabo bazigisha abahutu n’abatwa, ko
nta mututsi bagomba kwegera kuko abatutsi ari
ub’umwami wenyine. Ubwo abahutu b’i Save
bishyize hamwe bajya inama yo gukomatanyiriza
abo banyamahanga, bemeranya ko nta muntu
n’umwe uzabaha amazi cyangwa inkwi. Iyo abo
bapadiri bataza kumenya amayeri ngo bashukishe
abana utuntu twa kizungu, ntibari kuzapfa
bahabonye icyo kurya. Abapadiri bera ariko
bamaze kuhashinga misiyoni, abahutu
barayiyobotse ari benshi ngo bigishwe.
Bahereye aho na none banga kongera kuyoboka
umwami ahubwo bayoboka abapadiri kuko
abayobokaga Kiliziya icyo gihe i bwami
batapfaga kubatinyuka.
Abarera n’Abagarura
Mu turere twa Murera na Bugarura, imiryango
yari ihatuye yari yarigometse ku ngoma kuva
kera, ku buryo abo umwami yoherezaga kuza
kuhasaba ikoro bamushushubikanaga akagenda
kibuno mpa amaguru atareba inyuma. Uko Des
Forges yabyanditse yagize ati “n’ubwo
Rwabugiri yari yaragabyeyo ibitero inshuro
nyinshi, imiryango imwe ikamuyoboka ikemera
kuzajya itanga amakoro, hari indi miryango
myinshi yari yaragumanye ubwigenge bwayo.
Abatware b’i bwami bishoraga muri iyo misozi
iyo bahivanaga batahasize ubuzima babaga
bagize amahirwe. Ibyo kuhakura amakoro byo nta
n’uwakwirirwa abivuga (p 49)”.
Musinga we ntibigeze bamucira akari urutega,
yarinze avanwa ku ngoma bakimwita “Gasinga”
kubera gusuzugura ingoma ye. Umutware wese
woherezwagayo n’ingoma ya Kanjogera na Kabare
ku gihe cya mbere y’umwaduko w’ababiligi,
bamwakizaga amarumbu y’ibinonko n’amabuye.
“In 1904, the Hutu were still speaking
mockingly of “Kasinga,” or “Little Musinga,” a
diminutive that referred to his authority, not
to his size or age. When the representative of
the Court arrived to take command of his
region for the first time, they greeted him
with jeers and showered him with stones and
clods of dirt”.
Ni yo mpamvu aho abapadiri baje gushinga
misiyoni ya Rwaza mu Bugarura batangiriye
kuzana ubuhake bwabo no kwitwara nk’abatware
b’umwami, na bo abakiga b’aho banze kubumvira.
Si ukwanga ubuhake gusa, ahubwo banze no kujya
gukora akazi k’abo bapadiri, kabone n’iyo
kabaga gatanga imishahara. Ahubwo ntibazuyaje
no gutesha umutwe abakozi abo bapadiri babaga
bavanye muri za Tanzania kubera kubura
abanyarwaza bemera kubakorera. Mu gihe
abapadiri bera b’i Rwaza bihaye kujya kuyogoza
imyaka n’amatungo y’abo bagarura ngo
babahatire kuyoboka akazi, abagarura bishyize
hamwe, bagaba igitero kuri misiyoni bagamije
guhuburamo abo bapadiri bari bigize
nk’ibigirwamana. Umugambi wo kwibohoza ako
gahato k’umuzungu bari bagiye kuwugeraho, nuko
abapadiri bakizwa n’uko bitabaje ingabo za
bene wabo b’ababiligi bavuye muri Congo (kandi
icyo gihe u Rwanda rwari rukolonijwe
n’abadage) ndetse banifashisha n’ingabo
z’abapadiri baturutse ku Nyundo ya Bugoyi.
Abanyarwaza baboneyeho birukana abatware bose
ingoma ya Musinga yari itangiye kohereza muri
ako karere kabo ngo bahazane ubuhake, ku buryo
utarakijijwe n’amaguru yahasize agatwe.
Umudage Lt Von Grawert ni we wazanye ingabo zo
kubacogoza, abakangisha ko ngo nibongera
guhohotera misiyoni, azaza kuyogoza ibihingwa
byabo byose, ndetse n’amatungo yabo
akayabanyaga.
In the outlying regions even the
formidable Rwabugiri had sometimes been able
to rule only those hills immediately adjacent
to his residences; the notables who governed
under Musinga, being less powerful and often
less courageous, controlled proportionately
smaller areas around their headquarters in the
hostile regions. In parts of Bugoyi notables
dreaded traveling between the small islands of
central control; they chose their routes
carefully and armed themselves well before
setting out.
Na nyuma y’aho ababiligi basimburiye abadage
bagashaka gufasha abatware b’abatutsi
kwigarurira akarere k’abarera, abakiga
bakoresheje ubuhanga bwinshi bwa gakondo
kugira ngo baburizemo uwo mugambi. Bigometse
ku bazungu n’abatware b’umwami, maze bababuza
uburyo. Hari igihe babubikiraga bakabagusha mu
mitego, ubundi bagahangana na bo ku
mugaragaro. Hari n’ubwo bimukaga bakava mu
karere abantu babaga boherejwe n’i bwami
babaga baje guturamo, kagasigarira aho nta
muturage n’umwe. Ubundi bakabakumira ku ngufu
ngo batabinjirira mu karere, ntihagire
n’ushobora kuhatambuka. Cyangwa se
bakabihorera bagatura, ariko amategeko bazanye
ntihagire n’umwe uyakurikiza.
Mu kwezi kw’Ugushyingo 1917 mu gihe inzara
yayogozaga ibintu, akarere kose k’u Murera abo
bakiga ni bo bakagenzuraga bonyine, ku buryo
nta n’umwe mu bahagarariye umwami washoboraga
kongera gutinyuka kuba yahaba. Abatware bahise
bagaruka i bwami, naho ibyegera byabo bahasize
bihita bihungira ahari amacumbi y’abazungu
cyangwa ku bantu bake bari barabaye abagaragu
b’ibwami bari bahaturiye, aba baba ari bo
babicumbikira. N’umutegetsi w’umukoloni
(administrateur) ntiyarengaga ahari icyicaro
cye kubera ubwoba, kabone n’ubwo yabaga afite
abasirikari amagana yo kumurinda. Umutegetsi
w’umukoloni icyo gihe yandikiye abari
abayobozi be bo hejuru ko icyubahiro
cyahabwaga umuzungu cyari gisigaye kireshya
nk’amahembe y’imbwa, kuko yari asigaye agomba
kwinginga abaturage kugira ngo bashobore
kumuzanira ibyo kurya (kuko we atashoboraga
gusohoka ngo ave ahari icyicaro cye ajye
kubyishakira).
Abashiru
Kuva mu bihe bya kera kugeza aho ubutegetsi
bwa gikoloni bw’ababiligi bwahazaniye abatware
boherejwe na Musinga mu w’ 1925, Abashiru bari
barakumiriye ibitero by’ingabo z’abami bi
Rwanda, maze baba mu gihugu bigengaho. Nk’uko
Pagès (1933) na Des Forges (2011) babyanditse,
na Rwabugiri ubwe yari yaragerageje inshuro
nyinshi ariko ntiyashobora kuhigarurira.
Ndetse n’abatware b’abatutsi umwami w’u Rwanda
yoherezaga mu tundi turere tuhegereye,
birindaga gucumbika muri icyo gihugu, no
kukinyuramo gusa bitambukira ntibyaboroheraga,
ahubwo bageragezaga kugikikira.
Le Nord-Ouest se defendit à outrance au
début de l’invasion hamite. Les Batutsi y
eurent affaire à des tribus belliqueuses dont
quelques-unes combattirent courageusement pour
conserver leur autonomie. Les Bashiru et les
Bahoma se laisserent entamer difficilement.
Leurs chefs bahinza Nvamakwa et Nyakazana
n’ont éte evincés que récemment. Ils se
bornaient ‘` payer un tribut annuel à la
capitale. Les Batutsi n’osaient pas séjourner
chez eux et craignaient meme de traverser leur
territoire (Pages, 1933, p.331).
N’aho musinga agiriye ku ngoma rero, Abashiru
bakomeje kwihagararaho bakumira ingoma Kalinga
ntiyagera mu bwami bwabo. Musinga yasabye ko
Abadage bamufasha kuhagarura, maze boherezayo
ibitero inshuro enye zose hagati ya 1909
n’1914, ariko byose biba iby’ubusa. Na nyuma
y’aho Ababiligi basimburiye Abadage ku
butegetsi bwa gikolonize bagashaka gufasha
abatware b’abatutsi kwigarurira u Bushiru,
abaturage b’aho bakomeje kubabera ibamba.
Byageze n’aho bafatanya n’umupadiri wabo
w’umuzungu kwirukana abatware babaga boherejwe
na Musinga ngo bahazane uburetwa bwa Kalinga.
Padiri Prior wabaga i Rambura abonye
Ababiligi banze kumva ibyifizo bya rubanda,
bagashaka gushyigikira ingoma ya Musinga ngo
yaguke itegeke n’u Bushiru, yafashe imbunda ye
maze asaba Abashiru kuvuza ingoma yo gutera
akamo, abajya imbere ati «Muze mumfashe, bantu
b’i Bushiru, kuko abatutsi bagiye kurimbura
abanyarwanda». Abashiru barahagurutse
baramutabara, uwo munsi abatutsi bahambira
utwabo basubira iwabo, maze amahoro aragaruka.
Father Prior took his gun and his clients;
he ordered the drum of alarm beaten, saying:
‘Come to help me, oh men of Bushiru, because
the Tutsi are going to exterminate Rwanda.’
That same day, the Tutsi left to go home and
so peace was reestablished.” (Des Forges,
op cit., p. 154).
Nyuma y’uko abatware b’abatutsi birukanwe mu
Bushiru, Ababiligi bashatse kwifashisha umwami
Nyamakwa ngo bahategeke gikolonize. Abashiru
bakomeje kunangira gutegekwa n’abazungu,
bageza n’aho banze kujya bumvira na Nyamakwa
ubwe igihe yabaga abazanyeho amategeko yahawe
n’ababiligi. Abakoloni babonye batazashobora
gutegeka ubushiru gutyo, ni bwo bifatanyije na
Musinga, igihugu cya Nyamakwa baracyigabiza
kuko yari amaze gusaza atanakibona, ahagana
muri 1925. N’ubwo ingoma yabo rero yaje
gukurwaho ariko, abashiru ntibigeze
batsimburwa burundu, kugeza igihe Kagame yaje
kubashinyagurira ngo azajya abarasa ku manywa
y’ihangu.
Abarashi
Mu bantu ba mbere bibukwa mu gutegura imigambi
yo kwanga agasuzuguro n’akarengane k’ingoma
Kalinga harimo sekuru wa Rukara Segitande wari
umukuru w’Abarashi, wigometse kuri Rwabugiri.
N’ubwo uko kwigomeka kwe kutamuviriyemo
gutsinsura Rwabugiri nk’uko yabyifuzaga,
kwabereye abandi icyitegererezo, ibyo biza no
guha umwuzukuru we ubutwari bwo guhangana na
Musinga. Abarashi bari umuryango w’Abakiga
bari batuye mu mirambirizo y’ikirunga cya
Muhabura ahagana ku kiyaga cya Burera, hariya
na n’ubu hacyitwa mu Gahunga k’Abarashi. Mu
kwigomeka ku ngoma ya Kalinga bayoborwaga na
Segitande, ari na we se wa Bishingwe akaba
sekuru wa Rukara. Yari umugabo w’intarumikwa
kandi uzwiho ubutwari, ntavugirwemo, ubwo
butwari akaba ari na bwo bwakomeje kugaragara
ku mwuzukuru we mu kurwanya agasuzuguro
k’abambari ba Kalinga. Mu gihe Rwabugiri
yashatse kwigarurira akarere k’abarashi no
kubashyira mu buhake Segitande n’Abarashi be
bamubereya ibamba, bamukurira inzira ku
murima. Ni bwo yaje kugaba igitero kuri uwo
sekuru wa Rukara ngo yigometse, ingabo za
Rwabugiri zimuca ibirenge, zirangije
zimushyira mu kiguri cy’intozi aba ari zo
zimurya kugeza ashizemo umwuka. Kubera ko
abarashi bari bazwiho ubutwari, Rwabugiri
ntacyo yabakozeho amaze kwica umukuru wabo
ahubwo yamusimbuje umuhungu we Bishingwe.
Ndetse yafashe uwo Bishingwe anamushyingira
umukobwa w’umututsikazi, ari na we waje
kubyara Rukara.
Ubutwari bw’abarashi bwari bwarasesekaye hose
ku buryo mu gihe cyo kugaba igitero muri
Ankole, Rwabugiri yaje kubitabaza bajyana
n’ingabo ze, kandi bagaragaza ubuhanga ku
rugamba. N’ubwo Rwabugiri yabanye neza na
Bishingwe ariko, umuhungu we Rukara agomba
kuba yarakuze yumva abarashi bavuga ubutwari
bwa sekuru Segitande, n’uburyo Shebuja wa
Kalinga yamutoteje amuziza ko yanze agahato
n’agasuzuguro k’ubuhake. Bishingwe amaze
gupfa, na we kandi yishwe n’umuzungu kubera
kwanga agasuzuguro kabo, Rukara ni we waje
kuba umukuru w’Abarashi akomeza ubutwari bwa
sekuru bwo kwanga ubwishongore bwa bene
Kalinga n’agasuzuguro kabo. Yahanganye
n’ingoma ya Musinga anahangana n’abapadiri
b’abazungu bari batangiye kuzana ubuhake
bumeze nk’ubwa Kalinga bahereye i Rwaza aho
bari bashinze misiyono muri 1903.
Mu makimbirane Rukara yagiranye n’abo bazungu,
Musinga yamuciriye urubanza rwa kibera, Rukara
yanga kurwemera, agira ati «iyo nshaka
urubanza ruciwe n’umugore mba nabwiye mama
akaba ari we uruca nta mugore umuruta». Ubwo
yashakaga kuvuga ko yarenganyijwe na Kanjogera
kuko ari we wivangaga mu manza zose, abantu
bakaburana yikinze inyuma y’umuhururu ariko
nyuma akaba ari we utegeka Musinga uko aca
urubanza. Byatumye Musinga atumiza Rukara i
bwami mu mwaka w’1907, Rukara yanga kumwitaba
avuga ati “Musinga ni umwami i Nyanza, nanjye
hano mu Gahunga ni njye mwami”. Ndetse aho
yari atuye na we yahise i Nyanza, n’umwana we
amwita Musinga (iri zina ashobora no kuba
yararyise imbwa ye!). Nyuma Musinga yashatse
kwohereza abasirikari b’abadage ngo ari bo
bajya kuzana Rukara i Nyanza, Rukara abyumvise
arizana.
Musinga na nyina Kanjogera ibumoso, ku ifoto
y’iburyo, Rudahigwa wasimbuye Musinga kuri
Kalinga
Ubwo Musinga yashatse kugambanira Rukara
amutinza i Nyanza ashaka kuzahamuhotorera
amuziza ko ngo yasuzuguye Kanjogera. Ariko na
none Rukara amukira kubera ubwenge n’ubutwari
yamurushaga. Yitabaje umupadiri aramuvuganira,
maze aza kurengerwa n’umuzungu Czekanowski
wari waje aherekeje igikomangoma cy’Ubudage
(Herzog zu Mecklenburg). Uwo Czekanowsky
washakaga ko Rukara azamuherekeza mu karere
k’i Murera, yarahagurutse maze atunga Musinga
imbunda amubwira ko agiye kumurasa natarekura
Rukara. Musinga yagize icyoba cyinshi
arakangarana, mwene Bishingwe arekurwa atyo,
ava i Nyanza kigabo, asiga Musinga yimyiza
imoso.
Rukara n’abarashi be bakumiye akarengane
k’ubuhake, kaba ak’abazungu b’abamisiyoneri
cyangwa ak’abatware babaga boherejwe n’umwami.
Bose mwene Bishingwe yabarwanyirizaga hamwe,
kuko abazungu na bo agasuzuguro n’ubuhake bari
bazanye ntaho byari bitaniyen’iby’ingoma ya
Kalinga. Rimwe abamisiyoneri b’i Rwaza
bashatse gutumiza abarashi ngo babagemurire
ibiribwa ku gahato nta nyishyu, maze Rukara
abwira abarashi ko bajyanira abo bazungu amagi
yaboze. Ntibazuyaje babigenje uko Rukara
yavuze, abazungu barebye amagi bagemuriwe
basanga yose ari amahuri. Ni yo mpamvu umwe
mu bapadiri b’i Rwaza yageze aho yandika mu
w’1910 ati “kuri Rukara, haba abatutsi cyangwa
abazungu, twese adushyira mu gatebo kamwe”.
Mu gihe Padiri Loupias, wari umukuru w’abo
bamisiyoneri yari yaje mu karere k’Abarashi
azanye n’intumwa ya Musinga, umwe mu batware
b’abatutsi yaje kumuregera abarashi avuga ko
ngo bamwibiye inka. Ni uko Loupias atangiye
guca urubanza abwira Rukara ko abo barashi
bagomba gusubiza uwo mutware w’umututsi inka
ze. Rukara yarabyanze, abwira Loupias ati “ko
wazanywe n’ibyo kwigisha ivanjili, ibyo guca
imanza z’inka wabijemo ute”? Lupias
yararakaye, asingira Rukara amukangisha
imbunda. Umwe mu barashi yahise yiyamirira
ati: “mwa barashi mwe mugiye kwemera ko kiriya
gisimba kitwicira umukuru wacu? “. Nta kindi
basubije bahise baterera amacumu icyarimwe,
bahuranya Loupias icumu mu mutwe apfa atyo.
Igitangaje ni uko ibi byose Abarashi
babishoboye kandi bari basa n’aho bagiye
gucikamo ibice bibiri kubera umwaduko
w’abatutsi n’abazungu bagereye icyarimwe mu
karere kabo babazanamo amacakubiri. Ariko
bamaze kumva ko ari umukoloni w’umuzungu
cyangwa se umutware w’abatutsi bombi nta cyiza
bazabavanaho kitari agahato k’uburetwa,
Abarashi bahise bongera kwishyira hamwe, bose
barengera Rukara, n’ibihembo byinshi Musinga
yatanze ku muntu uzashobora kugambanira Rukara
akaranga aho aherereye nta muntu n’umwe
byigeze bishuka ngo amutange. Ubutwari bwa
Rukara bwarakomeje, kugeza na nyuma y’aho
agambaniwe na Ndungutse (6 mata 1912),
agacirwa urwo gupfa n’umudage Gudovius:
yapfuye yisasiye, ku buryo n’abataramwemeraga
bagize bati umuntu ushobora kwihorera mbere yo
gupfa aba ari igihangange.
Ni yo mpamvu “Intahanabatatu” ya Bishingwe bya
Segitande n’abarashi bo mu Gahunga rero
ntibazibagirana mu mateka yo kwigomeka ku
ngoma ya gihake na gikolonize.
Umwanzuro
Imvugo y’ubwishongore inkotanyi zikomeje
gutsindagira mu baturage, ihora ishaka
kumvikaninsha ko ngo abanyiginya batsinze
abakurambere bacu bakabategeka imyaka magana
ane batirwanyeho, nta yindi ntego ifite itari
iyo kuyobya rubanda ngo rutabona akanya ko
gutekereza uburyo bwo kwibohora iyi ngoyi
twashyizwemo na Kalinga nshya. Intore za FPR
na shebuja wazo basigaye barongeyeho noneho
ngo bararibwaribwa, ngo uzagerageza kwibohoza
ntazamenya ikimukubise. Bavandimwe rero,
nk’uko amateka abitugaragariza, abakurambere
bacu, cyane cyane abari batuye mu duce twa
kure y’i Nyanza, aho ubutegetsi bwa Kalinga
bwari butarashinga imizi ku gihe cy’umwaduko
w’abazungu, ntibahwemye guhangana na bwo.
Kalinga barayirwanyije ndetse barwanya
n’Ababiligi baje bayigarurira ingufu yari
imaze gutakaza ubwo Abadage batsindwaga
bakirukanwa mu Rwanda. Uretse kandi no muri
utwo turere twa kure, n’abahutu b’i Save bari
babereye ibamba ingoma ya cyami, ku buryo
abapadiri bera bakigera mu Rwanda mu w’i1900
ari ho Kabare yabohereje gufata ikibanza,
yizeye ko abo bahutu b’aho bari barigometse ku
ngoma ya Rwabugiri bazabuza ihwemo n’abo
bapadiri, byarimba bakanabica.
Nk’uko ibitabo by’amateka bitwibutsa kandi,
ingoma y’iterabwoba ya Kabare, Kanjogera na
Musinga wabakurikiye, yaranzwe cyane
n’ubwicanyi bukabije bwaterwaga cyane cyane
n’ubwoba abo bayiyicajeho bahoranaga ko
bayihirikwaho. Ibyo byatumye abakurambere bacu
bahaguruka, bishyira hamwe, bayirwanya
batizigamye. No mu gihe cyo kwipakurura
Kalinga burundu, ababyeyi bacu, barimo ba
Kayibanda, Gitera, Mbonyumutwa, Bicamumpaka,
Makuza n’abandi, bahereye ku ngero
z’abakurambere batahwemye kuyirwanya, maze
bishyira hamwe bayirandurana n’imizi,
bayisimbuza repubulika ya rubanda mu w’1961.
Natwe rero niduhaguruke dukurikize urwo rugero
rwiza, dushire ubwoba, maze turandure Kalinga
nshya n’imizi yayo yose, ntizongere na rimwe
guhabwa icyicaro mu gihugu cyacu, haba mu
Nduga, i Marangara, mu Murera, i Save, mu
Buberuka, mu Kinyaga cyangwa se i Bugoyi.
